Coarctation of the Aorta  (COA)

What is coarctation of the aorta?

Coarctation of the aorta (COA) is a narrowing or pinching of the aorta, the main artery that supplies blood from the heart to the body. COA is a type of congenital heart disease. This means it is a heart condition that a baby is born with. COA can range from a mild narrowing to a more severe blockage. Children with severe COA have more symptoms and may be diagnosed when they are infants. Children with milder COA may have few or no symptoms and may not be diagnosed until they are older.

What are the signs and symptoms of coarctation of the aorta?

The symptoms of COA can vary depending on how severe the condition is and the child’s age.

Symptoms of COA in infants may include:

• Pale or gray skin
• Fast breathing or heavy breathing
• Trouble feeding
• Sweating
• Fussiness or irritability

Symptoms of COA in older children may include:

• Headaches
• High blood pressure
• Heart murmur
• Nosebleeds
• Dizziness
• Cold legs or feet
• Cramps in the legs

What causes coarctation of the aorta?

Experts are not sure what causes COA, but it may be passed down in families. Babies born with certain genetic syndromes, such as Turner syndrome, may also have a higher risk for COA.

How is coarctation of the aorta treated?

Treatment for COA can vary depending on your child’s symptoms and how severe their condition is. Treatment involves repairing the narrowed vessel, and options include:

• Cardiac catheterization: This option may be used for children with a mild narrowing of the aorta. During this procedure, the doctor inserts a catheter the narrowed section of the aorta and inflates a balloon attached to the tip of the catheter to stretch the artery open. In some cases, the doctor may insert a small mesh tube, called a stent, to keep the aorta open.
• Surgery: This option is used for children with moderate or severe narrowing. There are a few types of surgery to treat COA, depending on your child’s specific condition.

Nationally ranked in pediatric cardiology and cardiac surgery, the Arkansas Children's Heart Institute offers world-class expertise and state-of-the-art technology to infants, children, adolescents and young adults. Your pediatric cardiology team at Arkansas Children’s is experienced in treating COA and will work with you to determine the best course of treatment for your child.

What about emotional and psychological support?

When your child is born with a medical condition like COA, you and your family may experience a range of emotions, including anxiety, fear, anger, and frustration. If you or your child ever need extra support, our social workers are here to help guide your family through the emotional challenges of living with an illness. They can help connect you with resources and referrals for counseling, support groups, and other types of help. And if your toddler or child needs extra support during clinic visits or procedures, our team of child life specialists can offer education, play, and emotional support to help them cope and better understand their healthcare journey.