Anomalous Coronary Artery  (ACA)

What is an anomalous coronary artery?

An anomalous coronary artery (ACA) occurs when one of the arteries that supplies blood to the heart is not in the correct location or is not formed correctly. In some cases, ACA may affect the size or shape of the artery. When a coronary artery is in the wrong place or not formed correctly, it can affect how blood flows through the heart.

ACA is a type of congenital heart disease. This means it is a heart condition that a baby is born with. ACA in children can affect any of the coronary arteries, and the condition can range from mild to severe depending on which artery is affected. In severe cases, it can cause sudden death from a heart attack.

What are the signs and symptoms of an anomalous coronary artery?

The symptoms of ACA can vary depending on which type a child has. Many children born with ACA don’t have symptoms until they are older. This can make it hard to diagnose. Symptoms of ACA may include:

• Chest pain while doing physical activity
• Fainting with physical activity
• Shortness of breath
• Heart murmur
• Heart failure
• Heart attack

What causes an anomalous coronary artery?

Experts are not sure what causes ACA to occur. It does not seem to run in families.

How is an anomalous coronary artery treated?

The treatment for ACA depends on which type your child has. Treatment options may include:

• Medications to help the heart pump better, control blood pressure, or to remove fluid from the body
• Limiting activity
• Oxygen therapy
• Surgery to repair the coronary artery and help blood flow within the heart

Nationally ranked in pediatric cardiology and cardiac surgery, the Arkansas Children's Heart Institute offers world-class expertise and state-of-the-art technology to infants, children, adolescents and young adults. Your pediatric cardiology team at Arkansas Children’s is experienced in treating all types of ACA and will work with you to determine the best course of treatment for your child.

What about emotional and psychological support?

When your child is born with a medical condition like ACA, you and your family may experience a range of emotions, including anxiety, fear, anger, and frustration. If you or your child ever need extra support, our social workers are here to help guide your family through the emotional challenges of living with an illness. They can help connect you with resources and referrals for counseling, support groups, and other types of help. And if your toddler or child needs extra support during clinic visits or procedures, our team of child life specialists can offer education, play, and emotional support to help them cope and better understand their healthcare journey.